3/28/2023 0 Comments Spanish galleon cargo capacityChinese merchants also carried to Manila damasks and other fabrics, gemstones, gold jewelry, and porcelain. On its return voyage, it brought back Mexican silver and church personnel to share communications from Spain.Ĭhinese silk was the most important cargo that was transshipped via the galleon. The cargo, which unloads at Acapulco, normally yielded a profit of 100-300 percent. Manila became one of the world’s greatest ports during the heyday of the galleon trade as it served as a focus for trade between China and Europe. It linked Asia, America, and Europe through Manila, in the Philippines, and Acapulco in Mexico. Thus, the so-called route of the Manila Galleon was officially established in 1565. Officers, soldiers, missionaries, as well as silver, animals, and plants were transported to Acapulco. They were again loaded onto the vessels headed towards Seville and Cadiz. At the west coast of New Spain, the ships unloaded the goods and transported overland to the port of Veracruz in the east coast. In Manila, the ships loaded local products: spices from Ceylon, Moluccas, and Java silk, ivory, chinaware, lacquer, mother of pearl from Xiamen and Japan and carpet, tapestries, and cotton garments from India. These led the ship towards the Californian coast, then to the port of Acapulco in Mexico, where they arrived on 1 October 1565. In June 1565, Urdaneta-led galleon San Pedro set sail and found the Kuroshio Current, which obtained favorable winds. In November 1564, Legazpi and Urdaneta sailed from the west coast of New Spain (Mexico) and arrived at the Philippines in February 1565. Urdaneta discovered and plotted a path across the Pacific Ocean known as Urdaneta’s Route. Among them were the ones led by García Jofre de Loaysa in 1525, Álvaro de Saavedra in 1542, and Miguel López de Legazpi with the pilot and cosmographer Andrés de Urdaneta in 1564. In search of return routes, other voyages followed. Spanish sailor Juan Sebastián de Elcano took command and led the remaining ships back home and arrived at Sanlúcar de Barrameda in September 1522. He discovered the Philippines in his voyage westwards, but he was killed in a skirmish with local natives. They reached a passage that connects the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans through a Strait which was subsequently named after him. Magellan’s expedition left Seville in August 1519 and sailed southwards. King Charles I (Emperor Charles V) dispatched Portuguese sailor Ferdinand Magellan to reach Asia and the Spice Islands avoiding the East Route, which was under the Ottoman rule. In 1513, Spanish explorer Núñez de Balboa crossed the Isthmus of Panama and discovered the Pacific Ocean. The origins of the Galleon Trade can be traced back in 1492 when Christopher Columbus discovered America when the Spanish crown was searching for a sea passage to China and India. Spain was well prepared to conduct this trade because of the convenient geographical location of Manila and the large supply of silver of America. In 1571, Miguel López De Legazpi sent two ships back to Mexico which contained Chinese silks and porcelain to be exchanged for needed provisions. The galleon, which was usually enormous in size (up to 2,000 tons), made Asian luxuries such as spices and porcelain available to the West. It took over 6,000 miles and six to nine months to sail from Manila to Acapulco. The trade was noted for the length and duration of its voyages. The trade, which took place during 1565-1815, became the sole means of communication between Spain and the Philippines. The Manila Galleon Trade is an annual round trip trade carried in a Spanish sailing vessel across the Pacific between the ports of Manila and Acapulco, a coastal city in present-day Mexico. Galleons were large, multi-decked sailing ships used by European states as armed cargo carriers from the 16th to 18th centuries.
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